A new study has revealed that more than 3,600 chemicals from food packaging, processing, and storage materials leach into food and are present in the human body. Published in the Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, the research highlights widespread human exposure to these food contact chemicals (FCCs), some of which are linked to serious health issues, including cancer, genetic mutations, and reproductive disorders.

The study, conducted by researchers from the Food Packaging Forum and other academic institutions, is the first to systematically document the presence of FCCs in human samples, such as urine, blood, and breast milk. It found evidence of 3,601 FCCs, representing 25% of known FCCs, in the human body. Of these, 79 chemicals are known to pose health risks.

Some of the most hazardous chemicals detected include bisphenols, PFAS, phthalates, and metals. These substances are commonly found in food packaging materials, such as plastic containers, cans, and coatings. The study warns that many chemicals, including synthetic antioxidants used in packaging, are under-researched, and their effects on human health are not fully understood.

Dr. Jane Muncke, co-author of the study and managing director at the Food Packaging Forum, emphasized the risks posed by these chemicals. “Food contact materials are not fully safe, even if they comply with regulations, because they transfer known hazardous chemicals into people.” 

The study also revealed significant gaps in biomonitoring and toxicity data, calling for more research to assess the long-term health impacts of these chemicals. Researchers used data from five human biomonitoring programs and multiple scientific databases to compile their findings, but they believe the actual number of FCCs present in humans may be higher than detected.

While the American Chemistry Council, representing the industry, stated that any risk assessments must consider the broader context, including existing regulations and levels of exposure, researchers argue that current regulations may not be sufficient to ensure public safety.

One of the chemicals detected in both food and human samples is bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor previously used in baby bottles and infant formula containers. BPA has been linked to various health concerns, including fetal abnormalities, heart disease, and an increased risk of early death. 

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