China has been instrumental in Russia’s defense industry by supplying machine tools, engines for drones and turbojets, technology for cruise missiles, microelectronics, and nitrocellulose used in weapon propellants. These materials are helping to fill significant gaps in Russia’s defense production cycle, particularly as the nation faces sanctions and export controls from the West.
Chinese and Russian entities are also reportedly producing drones within Russia. The assistance has played a crucial role in enabling Russia to maintain and even escalate its military activities in Ukraine, despite significant challenges and shortages faced by the Ukrainian military.
US intelligence and statements from Biden administration officials highlight the extensive nature of this support, which includes over 90% of Russia’s micro-electronics imports from China. These imports are critical for the production of advanced military hardware such as missiles, tanks, and aircraft. Furthermore, Russia’s capability to produce artillery munitions has surged, with reports suggesting a production rate nearly triple that of the US and Europe combined, largely due to the provision of nitrocellulose from China.
The US has raised concerns at the highest levels, including dialogues between President Joe Biden and Chinese President Xi Jinping, urging China to cease its support. Despite these discussions, there has been no notable reduction in the level of support provided by China to Russia. The ongoing situation has prompted the US to also engage with its European allies, pushing for a unified approach to address and possibly curb China’s involvement in supporting Russia’s military endeavors.
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