During the Spanish-American War, four Lakota Sioux women, who were members of a religious order on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in North Dakota, became the first known Native American women to serve in the U.S. military as Army nurses. They faced scrutiny and racial prejudice but worked tirelessly to care for sick and injured soldiers. Despite challenges and the termination of their contracts, their contributions were recognized, and they were awarded the silver crosses of the Order of Spanish-American War Nurses.
Key Points:
- Historical Milestone: During the Spanish-American War, four Lakota Sioux women, known as Sisters Mary Anthony, Mary Joseph, Mary Gertrude, and Mother Mary Bridget, became the first documented Native American women to serve in the U.S. military as Army nurses. They volunteered to care for sick and injured soldiers.
- Racial Prejudice: These pioneering nurses faced racial prejudice and scrutiny from both military officials and the news media. Descriptions on their recommendation cards for duty emphasized their “dark” coloring and their ability to endure harsh conditions.
- Dedicated Service: The nurses were assigned to various military camps, including Camp Cuba Libre in Jacksonville, Florida, where they treated soldiers with injuries, illnesses, and diseases. They worked tirelessly, earning praise for their dedication and service.
- Recognition: Despite facing challenges, the nurses received recognition for their contributions. They were awarded the silver crosses of the Order of Spanish-American War Nurses, and the U.S. House of Representatives acknowledged their significant role in the war.
- Post-War Lives: After their military service, the surviving nurses returned to civilian life, married, and adopted their former names. Father Francis Craft, who initiated their involvement, later served as a parish priest in Pennsylvania.
- Legacy: The nurses’ groundbreaking service paved the way for Native American women to serve in the U.S. military. Today, American Indians and Alaska Natives have a higher representation in the Armed Forces, with women serving in higher concentration than any other ethnic population.
