Dozens of female operatives from Israel’s Mossad carried out missions inside Iran during a 12-day conflict earlier this year, The Jerusalem Post reported Sunday.

Their specific roles were not disclosed, but Mossad director David Barnea described their contribution as “very substantial,” according to the news outlet. In 2024, a senior female Mossad agent, with an Iranian background and expertise in Iran and in recruiting foreign spies in hostile countries, was honored by the government.

The report also cited The Mossad Amazons, a 2021 book by Michael Bar-Zohar and Nissim Mishal, which described female agents as not only seducing enemy officials and conducting surveillance on Iran’s nuclear sites, but also carrying out kinetic strikes and other attack operations.

The Post noted that Israel has increasingly emphasized women’s contributions in security roles. During the same conflict, a female pilot and navigator flew Israel’s first joint combat mission.

The June conflict between Israel and Iran, which began after Israel carried out strikes to prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons, damaged nuclear facilities at Natanz, Fordow, and Isfahan.

The United States, which later joined Israel in the strikes, said the operations destroyed advanced centrifuges, disrupted uranium enrichment, and significantly set back Tehran’s nuclear program. Iranian officials later confirmed that the country’s nuclear sites had sustained “serious” damage during the war with Israel.