China is reportedly working on a nuclear-powered propulsion system for large warships, potentially advancing towards its first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier. Researchers from the Middlebury Institute of International Studies in California and documents obtained by the Associated Press indicate that a land-based prototype reactor, developed by the Nuclear Power Institute of China, is being tested at a site near Leshan in southwest China.

The prototype is located at a facility called Base 909, which houses multiple reactors, some operational and others under construction. Analysis suggests the reactor is a pressurized water model, typical for naval use. Contracts tied to steam generators and turbine pumps support this assessment, indicating that the project’s goal is to power a large surface warship rather than weapons production.

China’s development of a nuclear-powered carrier would place it alongside the United States and France, the only countries currently operating nuclear carriers. These ships have significant advantages, as nuclear power allows for longer deployments without the need for refueling, freeing up space for additional weaponry and systems onboard.

If successful, a nuclear-powered carrier would enable China’s People’s Liberation Army Navy to operate further from its shores and stay at sea for longer periods, expanding China’s naval influence in regions like the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean. 

China already has the world’s largest navy in terms of vessel count, with over 370 ships and submarines.